1 00:00:10,850 --> 00:00:08,930 I'm assuming you guys know what Mars is 2 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:10,860 because otherwise y'all want to be here 3 00:00:15,680 --> 00:00:13,530 so that awkward introduction is now out 4 00:00:17,359 --> 00:00:15,690 of the question however linpus minds not 5 00:00:19,730 --> 00:00:17,369 all y'all may not know what that is so 6 00:00:21,470 --> 00:00:19,740 conveniently I have slides for those who 7 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:21,480 who are from Arizona State University I 8 00:00:25,609 --> 00:00:24,330 am so sorry but your institution and 9 00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:25,619 your entire state is being covered by 10 00:00:31,070 --> 00:00:28,080 olympus mons you might want to call 11 00:00:33,410 --> 00:00:31,080 somebody about that but anyways it is 12 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:33,420 the largest known volcano in our entire 13 00:00:38,060 --> 00:00:35,850 solar system to compare the largest 14 00:00:41,060 --> 00:00:38,070 solar the largest volcano on earth is 15 00:00:43,160 --> 00:00:41,070 Mon Aloha it is like Olympus Mons a 16 00:00:46,279 --> 00:00:43,170 shield volcano and it is 10 kilometers 17 00:00:49,220 --> 00:00:46,289 or 6.3 miles high and 120 kilometers or 18 00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:49,230 75 miles across a little small in 19 00:00:53,119 --> 00:00:51,570 comparison to this thing the volume of 20 00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:53,129 Olympus Mons is about a hundred times 21 00:00:58,670 --> 00:00:56,010 larger than that of mont aloha in fact 22 00:01:02,959 --> 00:00:58,680 the entire Hawaiian island chain could 23 00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:02,969 fit inside this ginormous shield volcano 24 00:01:08,929 --> 00:01:06,960 and figures 1 and 2 show a very 25 00:01:11,830 --> 00:01:08,939 inopportune moment that NASA had they 26 00:01:14,420 --> 00:01:11,840 could have called it 2001 L Mars Odyssey 27 00:01:17,690 --> 00:01:14,430 and they did it I mean it was right 28 00:01:19,580 --> 00:01:17,700 there NASA anyways um so this was the 29 00:01:23,359 --> 00:01:19,590 spacecraft that was launched that carry 30 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:23,369 Themis this it contains five visible way 31 00:01:27,140 --> 00:01:25,290 five visible bands and nine infrared 32 00:01:29,149 --> 00:01:27,150 bands I focus on the infrared bands 33 00:01:33,910 --> 00:01:29,159 because it's infinitely better for 34 00:01:38,380 --> 00:01:33,920 mineral analysis alright so my mythology 35 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:38,390 I obtained for northern aspect and 36 00:01:43,100 --> 00:01:41,130 southern aspects slope images from 37 00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:43,110 Arizona State University's Themis images 38 00:01:47,810 --> 00:01:46,020 status data website after converting 39 00:01:50,030 --> 00:01:47,820 them to an NV NV for those you who do 40 00:01:54,679 --> 00:01:50,040 not know remote sensing it's a remote 41 00:01:57,679 --> 00:01:54,689 sensing software program that pretty 42 00:02:00,039 --> 00:01:57,689 much reads all these related all obvious 43 00:02:03,319 --> 00:02:00,049 all the remote sensing related imagery 44 00:02:04,399 --> 00:02:03,329 after bringing it into NV there was a 45 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:04,409 couple of things that I did before I 46 00:02:08,150 --> 00:02:06,210 even did any analysis first and foremost 47 00:02:10,100 --> 00:02:08,160 I examined it for noise using a 48 00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:10,110 technique called mnf or minimum minimum 49 00:02:14,750 --> 00:02:13,350 noise fraction transformation 50 00:02:19,490 --> 00:02:14,760 intially what that does is I loaded the 51 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:19,500 nine bands individually using this tool 52 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:23,730 and identified if there are any noise in 53 00:02:29,330 --> 00:02:25,530 the data that could potentially be posed 54 00:02:30,920 --> 00:02:29,340 problematic it passed and then I moved 55 00:02:34,610 --> 00:02:30,930 on to the atmospheric correction which 56 00:02:36,050 --> 00:02:34,620 corrects for the dust that Mars and 57 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:36,060 particularly on top of Olympus Mons 58 00:02:40,640 --> 00:02:38,370 would experience and then after doing 59 00:02:43,430 --> 00:02:40,650 that I'd ran another M&F to make sure 60 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:43,440 that any if there was any potentially 61 00:02:48,980 --> 00:02:46,170 problematic noise in those images that 62 00:02:52,190 --> 00:02:48,990 they were eradicated so my data would be 63 00:02:54,380 --> 00:02:52,200 hopefully as accurate as possible also 64 00:02:57,830 --> 00:02:54,390 from ASU I obtained a spectral library 65 00:03:00,800 --> 00:02:57,840 which contains 170 minerals after and 66 00:03:04,580 --> 00:03:00,810 then I sampled that toothy mice's 67 00:03:08,900 --> 00:03:04,590 infrared bands of varying wavelengths in 68 00:03:10,780 --> 00:03:08,910 micrometers so the space spectral angle 69 00:03:17,090 --> 00:03:10,790 mapper it's a physically-based 70 00:03:21,050 --> 00:03:17,100 supervised classification that matches 71 00:03:22,340 --> 00:03:21,060 pixels to a spectrum so I'm in this 72 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:22,350 instance it was a mineral library that I 73 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:26,490 brought in Jay Mars is the Java mission 74 00:03:31,610 --> 00:03:29,010 java mission planning and now an 75 00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:31,620 analysis remote sensing which is a su SG 76 00:03:36,760 --> 00:03:34,050 is tool if you are if you know anything 77 00:03:40,940 --> 00:03:36,770 about arcgis it's very similar to arcgis 78 00:03:43,490 --> 00:03:40,950 in terms of like the format and how it 79 00:03:44,900 --> 00:03:43,500 looks their servers a ground check for 80 00:03:46,280 --> 00:03:44,910 mineral analysis by the tests and 81 00:03:50,990 --> 00:03:46,290 tessa's the thermal emission 82 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:51,000 spectrometer alright so this shows the 83 00:03:57,830 --> 00:03:54,650 four images that i used for olympus mons 84 00:03:59,960 --> 00:03:57,840 the rest of the information side of the 85 00:04:02,000 --> 00:03:59,970 eye is irrelevant issues an basic image 86 00:04:04,310 --> 00:04:02,010 identifier the eye is the more important 87 00:04:06,260 --> 00:04:04,320 one it shows that they're infrared and I 88 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:06,270 try to get images that were either on 89 00:04:12,380 --> 00:04:08,610 top over as close to as possible around 90 00:04:15,230 --> 00:04:12,390 the same time all during day and that 91 00:04:19,640 --> 00:04:15,240 were clearly enough and without you know 92 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:19,650 much of any built-in noise due to the 93 00:04:23,810 --> 00:04:21,090 way that the images were collected in 94 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:23,820 case Themis head bad hair day that day 95 00:04:27,810 --> 00:04:25,090 or something like that 96 00:04:29,820 --> 00:04:27,820 alright so the results over the next 97 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:29,830 couple of slides I'll be showing they're 98 00:04:37,590 --> 00:04:31,570 pretty much identical but they feature a 99 00:04:41,450 --> 00:04:37,600 table and then this image right here on 100 00:04:45,719 --> 00:04:41,460 all of them is the infrared energy 101 00:04:47,490 --> 00:04:45,729 imagery after doing the to mnf and as 102 00:04:48,900 --> 00:04:47,500 well as M aspheric correction and also 103 00:04:51,270 --> 00:04:48,910 doing a technique called D striping 104 00:04:53,129 --> 00:04:51,280 which as the name implies remove stripes 105 00:04:57,120 --> 00:04:53,139 in the data which could potentially hold 106 00:05:00,090 --> 00:04:57,130 that data for purposes of the way these 107 00:05:04,020 --> 00:05:00,100 are oriented everything is facing this 108 00:05:06,210 --> 00:05:04,030 way so this is north this is the second 109 00:05:08,670 --> 00:05:06,220 Sam or spectral anger map or 110 00:05:11,430 --> 00:05:08,680 classification and then all of these 111 00:05:13,020 --> 00:05:11,440 colors correspond to the ones that the 112 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:13,030 that were selected for being the most 113 00:05:22,020 --> 00:05:15,850 prevalent using the cursor located tool 114 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:22,030 in NB so this is for the first image 115 00:05:30,150 --> 00:05:26,010 that was north-facing slope and then its 116 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:30,160 counterpart the south-facing slope and 117 00:05:32,790 --> 00:05:31,180 the thing that's really interesting to 118 00:05:35,550 --> 00:05:32,800 note about this is like how a lot of 119 00:05:37,740 --> 00:05:35,560 these geological features just light up 120 00:05:41,790 --> 00:05:37,750 like crazy on the during the spectral 121 00:05:44,190 --> 00:05:41,800 anger mapper tools to like particularly 122 00:05:48,930 --> 00:05:44,200 this part right here amongst these 123 00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:48,940 colors and then another north and aspect 124 00:05:53,760 --> 00:05:52,690 one again same thing like it's really 125 00:05:56,279 --> 00:05:53,770 enjoying the note the geological 126 00:05:57,570 --> 00:05:56,289 features that like this this part of the 127 00:06:00,990 --> 00:05:57,580 completest doesn't show up at all in the 128 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:01,000 Sam but the rest of it is pretty 129 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:08,289 noteworthy and then this one was an 130 00:06:13,230 --> 00:06:10,450 image that was potentially problematic 131 00:06:15,810 --> 00:06:13,240 but I included it if only for this part 132 00:06:19,409 --> 00:06:15,820 right here I really I found it really 133 00:06:22,860 --> 00:06:19,419 interesting that I'm in the magenta 134 00:06:24,029 --> 00:06:22,870 mineral and the blue mineral we're like 135 00:06:28,589 --> 00:06:24,039 kind of running on top of each other 136 00:06:33,570 --> 00:06:28,599 during this entire time alright so the 137 00:06:34,980 --> 00:06:33,580 next two tables shows the the literature 138 00:06:37,050 --> 00:06:34,990 validation on Mars both the northern 139 00:06:38,379 --> 00:06:37,060 aspect at the northern aspect in the 140 00:06:40,670 --> 00:06:38,389 southern ass 141 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:40,680 there's a couple of ones that are very 142 00:06:47,300 --> 00:06:42,810 noteworthy to mention first and foremost 143 00:06:50,420 --> 00:06:47,310 is eliminate it is the most it was found 144 00:06:52,309 --> 00:06:50,430 to be the most prevalent mineral on the 145 00:06:56,119 --> 00:06:52,319 northern aspect which is interesting to 146 00:06:58,369 --> 00:06:56,129 note because of what this research group 147 00:07:00,290 --> 00:06:58,379 found that this mineral potentially 148 00:07:02,390 --> 00:07:00,300 service of food source for iron oxidized 149 00:07:04,939 --> 00:07:02,400 and iron scavenging bacteria which is 150 00:07:08,930 --> 00:07:04,949 cool because Mars is I was like covered 151 00:07:10,309 --> 00:07:08,940 in iron now mind you of course I'm not 152 00:07:11,869 --> 00:07:10,319 trying to make assumptions but this 153 00:07:13,909 --> 00:07:11,879 study was obviously done on earth and 154 00:07:15,409 --> 00:07:13,919 not in Mars and even though but was done 155 00:07:18,879 --> 00:07:15,419 in Mars like environments with it being 156 00:07:20,930 --> 00:07:18,889 in a mostly oxygen-deprived environment 157 00:07:22,670 --> 00:07:20,940 it's still and she is still very 158 00:07:24,740 --> 00:07:22,680 interesting to note the other two 159 00:07:29,300 --> 00:07:24,750 minerals I want to highlight on this 160 00:07:32,390 --> 00:07:29,310 particular slide is calcite and courts 161 00:07:35,170 --> 00:07:32,400 so calcite the two research studies that 162 00:07:37,249 --> 00:07:35,180 I mentioned on here one of them found 163 00:07:38,629 --> 00:07:37,259 that the rapid increase of the 164 00:07:40,969 --> 00:07:38,639 crystalline structure develop under 165 00:07:43,010 --> 00:07:40,979 biotic conditions makes these calcite 166 00:07:44,629 --> 00:07:43,020 minerals less resistant to thermal 167 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:44,639 treatments compared with the samples of 168 00:07:49,249 --> 00:07:47,370 abiotic origin therefore the infrared 169 00:07:51,499 --> 00:07:49,259 spectroscopy isabella technique to 170 00:07:53,480 --> 00:07:51,509 discern the origin of the samples and a 171 00:07:56,149 --> 00:07:53,490 powerful tool for analyzing insight to 172 00:07:58,749 --> 00:07:56,159 and sample return Mars mission specimens 173 00:08:01,820 --> 00:07:58,759 and that was from Blanco the latter one 174 00:08:03,860 --> 00:08:01,830 their research their results of their 175 00:08:05,570 --> 00:08:03,870 research show that it is encouraging for 176 00:08:07,760 --> 00:08:05,580 a possible preservation of mineral 177 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:07,770 biotic calcite structures on Mars for 178 00:08:12,649 --> 00:08:09,810 billions of years furthermore they 179 00:08:14,269 --> 00:08:12,659 suggest that the future Mars Landers be 180 00:08:15,769 --> 00:08:14,279 equipped with instruments to both heat 181 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:15,779 and away minerals to determine whether 182 00:08:21,559 --> 00:08:20,250 they have been supported by life Oh in 183 00:08:25,850 --> 00:08:21,569 case you not familiar with what cruising 184 00:08:28,189 --> 00:08:25,860 chrism is it's like Themis but I real I 185 00:08:29,149 --> 00:08:28,199 know it is it was out of scope I didn't 186 00:08:30,649 --> 00:08:29,159 want included because I didn't want to 187 00:08:32,060 --> 00:08:30,659 clear way too much data so for the 188 00:08:36,500 --> 00:08:32,070 purposes of the study cruising was out 189 00:08:38,659 --> 00:08:36,510 of scope for my study but the acronym is 190 00:08:40,850 --> 00:08:38,669 compact REE consonants and it's famous 191 00:08:42,230 --> 00:08:40,860 spectrometer for mars and the reason why 192 00:08:44,930 --> 00:08:42,240 opportunity used it is because 193 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:44,940 opportunity had an unfortunate 194 00:08:50,660 --> 00:08:47,730 circumstance where opportunity wasn't 195 00:08:51,620 --> 00:08:50,670 able to like curiosity able to actually 196 00:08:53,720 --> 00:08:51,630 like 197 00:08:56,810 --> 00:08:53,730 use his own spectrometer so it had a 198 00:09:00,560 --> 00:08:56,820 broad it screws them data had a assisted 199 00:09:03,220 --> 00:09:00,570 a little bit so finally with courts FEMA 200 00:09:07,570 --> 00:09:03,230 scientists so those who actually created 201 00:09:10,810 --> 00:09:07,580 and helped run this instrument 202 00:09:14,330 --> 00:09:10,820 discovered courts and realize that 203 00:09:16,460 --> 00:09:14,340 courts on Mars isn't the same then it 204 00:09:18,350 --> 00:09:16,470 likely come about the same origin as 205 00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:18,360 courts on earth due to the fact that 206 00:09:21,980 --> 00:09:19,710 there's really not that many plate 207 00:09:25,670 --> 00:09:21,990 tectonics or if any plate tectonics on 208 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:25,680 Mars as far as we know so they proposed 209 00:09:29,870 --> 00:09:27,450 that it may have formed when thick 210 00:09:31,910 --> 00:09:29,880 sequences of us sadak rocks where meant 211 00:09:33,310 --> 00:09:31,920 metamorphosize by moderate heat and 212 00:09:36,980 --> 00:09:33,320 pressure and then partially melted 213 00:09:39,620 --> 00:09:36,990 that's interesting because this was 214 00:09:44,690 --> 00:09:39,630 discovered i was i noticed this mineral 215 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:44,700 on a volcano so that might help with the 216 00:09:49,520 --> 00:09:46,890 validation attempt with that furthermore 217 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:49,530 the scientists mentioned that the 218 00:09:52,970 --> 00:09:50,970 granite like rocks are rare in the 219 00:09:55,430 --> 00:09:52,980 Martian surface and say that this 220 00:10:00,230 --> 00:09:55,440 process that formed them has not been 221 00:10:03,230 --> 00:10:00,240 widespread all right and then for the 222 00:10:07,010 --> 00:10:03,240 southern aspect the most prevalent 223 00:10:09,830 --> 00:10:07,020 minerals that were discovered in on this 224 00:10:13,820 --> 00:10:09,840 particular portion our holo sight mellow 225 00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:13,830 night and been in the night what's 226 00:10:18,950 --> 00:10:16,170 interesting to note about bana tonight 227 00:10:23,450 --> 00:10:18,960 is that as I mentioned as it mentions on 228 00:10:26,480 --> 00:10:23,460 and a slide there yes there aren't there 229 00:10:29,030 --> 00:10:26,490 hasn't been any documented research to 230 00:10:31,910 --> 00:10:29,040 show that it has or has not ever been 231 00:10:34,460 --> 00:10:31,920 confirmed on Mars but because bana 232 00:10:36,590 --> 00:10:34,470 tonight is the min is the result of 233 00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:36,600 oxidation of lead and espanha 234 00:10:40,760 --> 00:10:38,880 sedimentary rocks and given Mars is made 235 00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:40,770 up of lead and also of sedimentary rocks 236 00:10:47,150 --> 00:10:43,290 it seems likely that this mineral is on 237 00:10:53,270 --> 00:10:47,160 Mars another interesting thing to note 238 00:10:55,610 --> 00:10:53,280 about this mineral is that a simple 239 00:10:58,190 --> 00:10:55,620 superoxide is at work on Mars in this 240 00:10:59,810 --> 00:10:58,200 particular scenario a combination of UV 241 00:11:01,910 --> 00:10:59,820 and super oxide would essentially 242 00:11:03,560 --> 00:11:01,920 sterilize the Martian surface stripping 243 00:11:04,740 --> 00:11:03,570 in of all of its organic precursors to 244 00:11:06,690 --> 00:11:04,750 life 245 00:11:08,790 --> 00:11:06,700 they are quoted to say the oxygen 246 00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:08,800 radicals can explain the reactive nature 247 00:11:12,840 --> 00:11:10,480 of the soil and the apparent absence of 248 00:11:19,050 --> 00:11:12,850 the organic material at the Martian 249 00:11:21,420 --> 00:11:19,060 surface alright so conclusions it should 250 00:11:25,350 --> 00:11:21,430 be noted that this study was the pilot 251 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:25,360 study while there were other research 252 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:28,210 groups that looked at other places on 253 00:11:33,270 --> 00:11:31,090 Mars as was mentioned in previous slides 254 00:11:37,230 --> 00:11:33,280 it wasn't they weren't actually they 255 00:11:39,390 --> 00:11:37,240 never focused on Olympus Mons so I used 256 00:11:42,150 --> 00:11:39,400 techniques the techniques I mentioned in 257 00:11:44,610 --> 00:11:42,160 my previous slides were done based upon 258 00:11:47,010 --> 00:11:44,620 what previous researchers have done what 259 00:11:48,690 --> 00:11:47,020 my own intuition told me and because it 260 00:11:51,270 --> 00:11:48,700 was a pilot study I figured it was 261 00:11:52,770 --> 00:11:51,280 interesting to just kind of like go to 262 00:11:55,140 --> 00:11:52,780 go down a rabbit hole but not go down 263 00:11:59,100 --> 00:11:55,150 all the way so that's first and foremost 264 00:12:01,500 --> 00:11:59,110 with the conclusions secondly I found 265 00:12:03,900 --> 00:12:01,510 some interesting results with respect to 266 00:12:04,980 --> 00:12:03,910 eliminate and vanna denied and the other 267 00:12:06,210 --> 00:12:04,990 ones that i mentioned that were in most 268 00:12:08,010 --> 00:12:06,220 probably been on the northern a southern 269 00:12:10,530 --> 00:12:08,020 aspect of olympus mons that they're 270 00:12:12,540 --> 00:12:10,540 clearly very different which might 271 00:12:14,300 --> 00:12:12,550 eventually show that maybe they're 272 00:12:18,180 --> 00:12:14,310 different in terms of how they formed 273 00:12:20,220 --> 00:12:18,190 furthermore the infrared bands of Themis 274 00:12:22,829 --> 00:12:20,230 are their spatial resolution or 100 275 00:12:25,190 --> 00:12:22,839 meters so because of that their pixels 276 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:25,200 obviously contains likely a lot more 277 00:12:30,660 --> 00:12:27,970 minerals than my razors actually showed 278 00:12:32,270 --> 00:12:30,670 however even though I you know selected 279 00:12:36,300 --> 00:12:32,280 the ones that were the most Parliament 280 00:12:42,270 --> 00:12:36,310 it should be noted that without very 281 00:12:43,860 --> 00:12:42,280 intense facial resolution it's not it's 282 00:12:45,090 --> 00:12:43,870 likely a little difficult to like 283 00:13:03,139 --> 00:12:45,100 actually legitimately ground truth 284 00:13:06,990 --> 00:13:05,550 so you pulled out a few specific 285 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:07,000 minerals that you discussed and kind of 286 00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:09,370 what those can mean um but looking at 287 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:11,410 this mineral assemblage as a whole can I 288 00:13:16,199 --> 00:13:14,410 like what you saw all together you know 289 00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:16,209 kind of integrating everything all these 290 00:13:20,879 --> 00:13:18,250 different minerals the fact that they're 291 00:13:22,620 --> 00:13:20,889 you know all on olympus mons what do you 292 00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:22,630 think that means for the geologic 293 00:13:27,269 --> 00:13:24,880 history of olympus mons honestly I think 294 00:13:29,639 --> 00:13:27,279 um you know it's definitely very very 295 00:13:32,430 --> 00:13:29,649 rich a lot of them that I found were 296 00:13:33,660 --> 00:13:32,440 like paroxetine based which has been 297 00:13:35,939 --> 00:13:33,670 documented to show that there's quite a 298 00:13:39,509 --> 00:13:35,949 lot of them that are related to that 299 00:13:41,550 --> 00:13:39,519 major group of minerals but I mean 300 00:13:44,309 --> 00:13:41,560 there's because this is just the first 301 00:13:46,410 --> 00:13:44,319 you know study that was done I'm hoping 302 00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:46,420 in the future I'll be able to do a 303 00:13:49,499 --> 00:13:47,980 different iteration of this and maybe do 304 00:13:52,980 --> 00:13:49,509 with different techniques to see if AI 305 00:13:55,319 --> 00:13:52,990 can replicate this and be to look to 306 00:14:01,530 --> 00:13:55,329 sample other minerals just to see where 307 00:14:03,629 --> 00:14:01,540 they're at very interesting talk I found 308 00:14:05,970 --> 00:14:03,639 it quite surprising the abundance of 309 00:14:08,370 --> 00:14:05,980 phyllo silicates and carbonates they 310 00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:08,380 found the slopes those are minerals that 311 00:14:15,090 --> 00:14:12,130 typically are formed in the presence of 312 00:14:16,379 --> 00:14:15,100 water so I'm just curious what you 313 00:14:18,929 --> 00:14:16,389 thought about finding those on the 314 00:14:20,340 --> 00:14:18,939 slopes of the biggest volcano in the in 315 00:14:23,790 --> 00:14:20,350 the solar system yeah I was the same way 316 00:14:25,259 --> 00:14:23,800 I was like calcite really what um so 317 00:14:26,699 --> 00:14:25,269 that's why I wanted to make sure that 318 00:14:28,050 --> 00:14:26,709 like that's part of the reason why I 319 00:14:29,340 --> 00:14:28,060 wanted to validate everything so that's 320 00:14:31,740 --> 00:14:29,350 why I when I found those two studies 321 00:14:33,749 --> 00:14:31,750 like I guess in my mind it definitely 322 00:14:36,300 --> 00:14:33,759 seems that it could potentially I mean 323 00:14:39,509 --> 00:14:36,310 it's again a very big stretch that the 324 00:14:42,269 --> 00:14:39,519 biotic calcite samples if they do indeed 325 00:14:44,670 --> 00:14:42,279 exist on olympus mons obviously it's 326 00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:44,680 impossible to like literally go there 327 00:14:49,590 --> 00:14:47,050 because curiosity can make it up there 328 00:14:51,629 --> 00:14:49,600 we can't make it up there if we when we 329 00:14:58,530 --> 00:14:51,639 do get to Mars but it definitely merits 330 00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:00,630 I also really liked your calcite results 331 00:15:05,340 --> 00:15:02,890 a little spawn so I was wondering do you 332 00:15:08,610 --> 00:15:05,350 find them associated industries from a 333 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:08,620 variation of calcite with iron and their 334 00:15:14,910 --> 00:15:13,570 matrix um well with respect to like you 335 00:15:19,730 --> 00:15:14,920 know that I find a like on top of it or 336 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:19,740 maybe iron oh well I mean there's a I 337 00:15:24,750 --> 00:15:22,570 the way this mineral announce the way 338 00:15:26,940 --> 00:15:24,760 this mineral library works is it doesn't 339 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:26,950 show like anything like in it it just 340 00:15:31,500 --> 00:15:30,010 shows like it's it ranks it by purity so 341 00:15:32,550 --> 00:15:31,510 it's very likely that if some of them 342 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:32,560 are in Pierre they could have been like 343 00:15:37,740 --> 00:15:34,690 cross contaminated with another sample 344 00:15:39,540 --> 00:15:37,750 but unfortunately the mineral library 345 00:15:41,580 --> 00:15:39,550 that I did doesn't look into to see if 346 00:15:44,390 --> 00:15:41,590 it's like calcite in the presence of X 347 00:15:47,850 --> 00:15:44,400 or Y or anything like that unfortunately